Any kind of toilet, including the ones in this guide, can be built and used in cities. And if sanitation services are combined with parks, urban farming, resource recovery and recycling, and clean energy, cities can become healthier and more pleasant places to live.

Water supply system, infrastructure for the collection, transmission, treatment, storage, and distribution of water for homes, commercial establishments, industry, and irrigation, as well as for such public needs as firefighting and street flushing.

In the developed world, sewers are pipes from buildings to one or more levels of larger underground trunk mains, which transport the sewage to sewage treatment facilities. Vertical pipes, usually made of precast concrete, called manholes, connect the mains to the surface.

Effective solid waste management is extremely important for a number of reasons. Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash.

Public infrastructure in Indian cities are subjected to systemic inadequacies and inappropriate maintenance procedures. Street lighting in most parts of India is in need of improvements and suffers from inefficient operation and maintenance.

The problem of stray cattle on roads is not new in India, and these animals often bring the flow of traffic on busy roads to a standstill along with major road accidents. Stray cattle roaming around freely in the cities have become a serious problem.

Urban planning as currently practiced in India is essentially concerned with planning the use and development of land in cities. Development is merely seen as physical manifestation in most of the town planning legislation.

The towns should provide the building construction plan on a table. In these Bye-Laws, unless the context otherwise requires the definition given shall have the meaning indicated against each term.

A road or road network is a thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places that has been paved or otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance, including a motor vehicle, cart, bicycle, or horse.